: �� :

�� 

�

�� : �� 

�� ( �� W �� ) �� { : �� } � �� .

�� .

Juszkiewicz �� .

�� W �� W �� One-Third { �� 1 �� ( �� ) �� Einstein �de sitter Model �� } �� ( ,�� ) � �� W , �� .

*�� :

Einstein-de Sitter Cosmological Model

A cosmological model (not to be confused with the de Sitter cosmological model) which assumes a homogeneous, isotropic, constant curvature universe with zero cosmological constantand pressure P,

(1)

Its equation of motion, derived from the Einstein field equations, is

(2)

where a is the expansion parameter, H is the Hubble constant, G is the gravitational constant, and is the density. For constant mass of the universe M,

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Therefore,

(9)

so

(10)

For small densities,

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

�� : : Zero Cosmological Constant�

�� : Einstein Field equations

�� : Expansion parameter : a

�� : Hubble Constant : H

�� : Gravitational Constant : G

�� :�� http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astr263l/lecture_links.html

�� http://scienceworld.wolfram.com

�� :www.hupaa.com